Quantifying suitable dynamic water levels in marsh wetlands based on hydrodynamic modelling     

Peng Hu  Zefan Yang  Qiande Zhu  Weize Wang  Qin Yang 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14054

The water level of marsh wetlands is a dominant force controlling the wetland ecosystem function, especially for aquatic habitat. For different species, water level requirements vary in time and space, and therefore ensuring suitable water levels in different periods is crucial for the maintenance of biodiversity in marsh wetlands. Based on hydrodynamic modelling and habitat suitability assessment, we determined suitable dynamic water levels considering aquatic habitat service at different periods in marsh wetlands. The two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the temporal and spatial variation of water level. The habitat suitability for target species at various water levels was evaluated to obtain the fitting curves between Weighted Usable Area (WUA) and water levels. And then suitable water levels throughout the year were proposed according to the fitting curves. Using the Zhalong Wetland (located in northeastern China) as a case study, we confirmed that the proposed MIKE 21 model can successfully be used to simulate the water level process in the wetland. Suitable water levels were identified as being from 143.9–144.2 m for April to May, 144.1–144.3 m for June to September, and 144.3–144.4 m for October to November (before the freezing season). Furthermore, proposed water diversion schemes have been identified which can effectively sustain the proposed dynamic water levels. This study is expected to provide appropriate guidance for the determination of environmental flows and water management strategies in marsh wetlands.  相似文献   

Development of the cyclic p–y curve for a single pile in sandy soil     

Sung-Ha Baek  Joonyoung Kim  Seung-Hwan Lee 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(3):351-359

Pile foundations that support transmission towers or offshore structures are dominantly subjected to cyclic lateral load induced by wind and waves. For a successful design, it is crucial to investigate the effect of cyclic lateral loads on the pile behavior that is loaded laterally. Although the p–y curve method is generally utilized to design the cyclic laterally loaded pile foundations, the effect of cyclic lateral loads on the pile has not been properly implemented with the p–y curve. This reflects a lack of consideration of the overall stiffness change in soil–pile interaction. To address this, a series of model pile tests were conducted in this study on a preinstalled aluminum flexible pile under various sandy soil conditions. The test results were used to investigate the effect of cyclic lateral loads on the p–y behavior. The cyclic p–y curve, which properly takes into account this effect, was developed as a hyperbolic function. Pseudo-static analysis was also conducted with the proposed cyclic p–y curve, which showed that it was able to properly simulate cyclic laterally loaded pile behavior in sandy soil.  相似文献   

A multiscaling‐based intensity–duration–frequency model for extreme precipitation          下载免费PDF全文

Hans Van de Vyver 《水文研究》2018,32(11):1635-1647

Rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves are a standard tool in urban water resources engineering and management. They express how return levels of extreme rainfall intensity vary with duration. The simple scaling property of extreme rainfall intensity, with respect to duration, determines the form of IDF relationships. It is supposed that the annual maximum intensity follows the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. As well known, for simple scaling processes, the location parameter and scale parameter of the GEV distribution obey a power law with the same exponent. Although, the simple scaling hypothesis is commonly used as a suitable working assumption, the multiscaling approach provides a more general framework. We present a new IDF relationship that has been formulated on the basis of the multiscaling property. It turns out that the GEV parameters (location and scale) have a different scaling exponent. Next, we apply a Bayesian framework to estimate the multiscaling GEV model and to choose the most appropriate model. It is shown that the model performance increases when using the multiscaling approach. The new model for IDF curves reproduces the data very well and has a reasonable degree of complexity without overfitting on the data.  相似文献   

Spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of mid‐Holocene hydroclimate in western North America          下载免费PDF全文

Nicholas Wayne Hermann  Jessica Leigh Oster  Daniel Enrique Ibarra 《第四纪科学杂志》2018,33(4):421-434

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Implementation of a coupled plastic damage distinct lattice spring model for dynamic crack propagation in geomaterials          下载免费PDF全文

Chao Jiang  Gao‐Feng Zhao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(4):674-693

This paper studies dynamic crack propagation by employing the distinct lattice spring model (DLSM) and 3‐dimensional (3D) printing technique. A damage‐plasticity model was developed and implemented in a 2D DLSM. Applicability of the damage‐plasticity DLSM was verified against analytical elastic solutions and experimental results for crack propagation. As a physical analogy, dynamic fracturing tests were conducted on 3D printed specimens using the split Hopkinson pressure bar. The dynamic stress intensity factors were recorded, and crack paths were captured by a high‐speed camera. A parametric study was conducted to find the influences of the parameters on cracking behaviors, including initial and peak fracture toughness, crack speed, and crack patterns. Finally, selection of parameters for the damage‐plasticity model was determined through the comparison of numerical predictions and the experimentally observed cracking features.  相似文献   

弧形海岸裂流的数值模拟研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

汪鸿  朱首贤  李训强  张文静  聂屿 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(3):21-30

弧形海岸波浪产生的裂流严重危害人类活动，但是目前对其特征缺乏充分认识。本文对Haller物理模型实验和三亚大东海的数值模拟表明FUNWAVE模式具有较好的裂流模拟能力。基于该模式进行了多种弧形海岸条件的裂流数值模拟，给出裂流的一些特征：（1）海岸弯曲度增大，裂流增强；（2）海岸坡度对裂流有比较大的影响，太陡或太平缓的海岸不利于形成裂流；（3）海岸尺寸减小，裂流减弱；（4）波高和波周期增大，裂流增强，但是对于某些海岸而言，0.4m波高可能就存在危害比较大的裂流。  相似文献   

Sharks caught in the KwaZulu-Natal bather protection programme,South Africa. 14. The smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus)     

ML Dicken  H Winker  MJ Smale  G Cliff 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(2):157-174

The current study provides long-term catch-rate, biological and feeding data for smooth hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna zygaena, caught in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal bather protection programme. In total, 2 512 S. zygaena were caught in net installations between 1978 and 2014, and 72 S. zygaena were caught on drumlines between 2007 and 2014. There was no significant log-linear year trend in the net catch rate over time (slope = 0.0054, t = 1.808, p = 0.07). However, there was a significant temporal increase in mean size of the captured sharks (slope = 0.0012, t = 3.502, p < 0.001). A quasi-Poisson generalised additive mixed model showed that increasing latitude, winter months, colder sea temperatures and the deployment of drumlines all had a significant positive effect on the catch rate of sharks in nets. The size frequency of the catch was unimodal, with significantly more females caught in the nets and more males on the drumlines. The majority (93.1%) of all sharks caught were immature and measured between 80 and 120 cm precaudal length. Teleosts and cephalopods dominated the sharks’ diet in terms of all dietary indices. The prey species consumed indicate that immature S. zygaena are feeding primarily within the pelagic zone of shallow coastal habitats.  相似文献   

新疆库车县盐水沟北铜矿床地质特征及成因探讨          下载免费PDF全文

刘传朋 《山东国土资源》2018,34(4)

盐水沟北铜矿区位于新疆库车县北部,其大地构造位置处于塔吉克-塔里木陆块区、塔里木陆块、塔里木北缘隆起、库车前陆盆地,区内构造活动强烈。铜矿床赋存于新近纪中新统康村组第一岩性段,矿体呈层状,严格受地层控制。区内共圈定10个铜矿体,矿石矿物主要为孔雀石、赤铜矿、水胆矾、自然铜等,矿体内无夹石,顶、底板围岩均为褐红色及浅红色粉质泥岩。该矿床为砂岩型铜矿床。  相似文献   

基于"山西2015速度模型"的定位方法对比研究     

殷伟伟  宋秀青  李自红  朱元清 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(5):469-472

为了确定山西台网基于“山西2015速度模型”的相对固定的定位方法，选择2010~2016年最大空隙角小于45°、参与定位台站数大于40的103个地震事件，分别采用单纯形法、Hypo2000、Hyposat结合PTD等3种方法重新测定。结果显示，单纯形法和Hyposat结合PTD测定的残差以及网缘地震的震中距两方面均优于Hypo2000；在震源深度方面，Hyposat结合PTD的结果较为可信。综合分析认为，基于“山西2015速度模型”定位地震时，山西台网应固定使用Hyposat结合PTD的方法。  相似文献   

多种海洋开发类型的综合效益评估     

高升  徐敏  刘佰琼  曹广喜  赵林 《海洋通报》2018,(1):17-24

随着海洋开发活动的不断加剧,各海洋开发类型综合效益的评估与分析对维持海洋社会经济与海洋生态环境的可持续发展具有重大意义,不同海洋开发活动带来不同的社会、经济效益,也产生了海洋资源的损耗,影响了海洋环境和海洋生态服务功能。根据江苏省海洋资源开发活动特点,筛选出江苏海岸带资源开发中常见的4种典型的开发利用类型,选取了能够突出反映海洋开发活动综合效益的经济效益指标、社会效益指标、资源损耗指标、环境成本指标构建海洋开发类型综合效益评估体系。基于层次分析法与熵权法组合权重,运用综合效益指数评价模型分别计算了单一指标效益值、准则层效益值、各研究案例效益值、各用海类型效益值并对以上研究数据之间的相互关系进行了深入分析,探求各用海类型综合效益评估值的关键影响因素。通过实证研究发现4种海洋开发类型的综合效益评估值均介于0.4~0.6之间,处于一般的综合效益状态,综合效益从高到底依次排序:临港工业用海类型为0.551 3、海上风电用海类型为0.492 4、排污倾倒用海类型为0.441、围海养殖用海类型为0.434 3。海洋开发类型综合效益的评估对及时调整海洋开发对策,缓和海洋开发与海洋生态环境的矛盾具有积极意义。  相似文献